Reasoning Taxonomy Explorer

Attacking the arguer's character, motives, or attributes instead of the argument.

Distorting or caricaturing an opponent's argument to attack it more easily.

Filtering out contradicting information, only accepting confirming data.

Assuming cause-and-effect because events are correlated or sequential (post hoc ergo propter hoc).

Asserting a small first step will inevitably lead to extreme negative consequences.

Deflecting criticism by pointing to a different issue ('But what about X?').

Running multiple analyses until p<0.05 and only reporting significant results.

Inability of incompetent individuals to accurately gauge their incompetence.

Relying too heavily on the first piece of information (the anchor).

Presenting only two options when many more exist.

Using hyperbolic language with strong emotional implications to bypass logic.

Continuing an action because of past investments (time, money, emotion).